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How has the phenomenon of anti-Americanism evolved specifically within societies that transitioned from communism after the Cold War?

I'm comparing Central European and post-Soviet states. Initial pro-American sentiment seems to have complexified. I need scholarly frameworks that track this development, examining factors like NATO expansion, wars in Iraq/Afghanistan, domestic populism, and perceived cultural imperialism over the last three decades.

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By Manasa Answered 1 year ago

From my research in comparative politics, its development is typically phased. The early 1990s saw a "honeymoon" period where the U.S. was viewed as a liberator and model. Disillusionment began in the late 1990s with debates over NATO expansion and the Kosovo war, perceived by some as U.S. unilateralism. The 2000s were pivotal; the Iraq War deeply divided publics and elites, transforming anti-Americanism from a fringe to a mainstream political tool. Recently, I've observed it being strategically adopted by both populist and nationalist parties as a marker of sovereignty, showing its shift from an ideological stance to an instrumental feature of domestic political competition.

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