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How can realized gain be plotted for individual ports in a two-port antenna system?

In dual-port or MIMO antenna designs, each port can have distinct radiation characteristics. I want to understand how to isolate and plot the realized gain for each port, account for mutual coupling, and interpret the results meaningfully for design and performance optimization.

 

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By Lilith Answered 9 months ago


From my experience working with dual-port and MIMO antennas, I have seen that plotting realized gain for each port requires careful excitation of one port at a time while terminating the other port with a matched load to account for mutual coupling. Most EM simulators, like HFSS or CST, allow you to select a specific port and generate realized gain plots over frequency or in 3D radiation patterns. I would recommend normalizing gain to account for reflection losses and clearly labeling which port is active, as the coupled field from the inactive port can affect apparent radiation. In practice, comparing realized gain per port provides insights into isolation, efficiency, and coverage for system-level design.
 
 
 

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