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Neural plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize in response to experiences, undergoes changes with age. As individuals get older, neural plasticity generally declines, affecting learning and memory processes. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms involve reduced synaptic plasticity, alterations in neurotransmitter systems, and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are often associated with further declines in neural plasticity. Targeted interventions, such as cognitive training, physical exercise, and social engagement, have shown promise in promoting healthy cognitive ageing and possibly reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. These interventions may enhance brain plasticity, support cognitive function, and offer potential avenues for mitigating age-related cognitive decline.