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Since you know about nozzle flow regulatory arrangement system and the buckets and runner system, I will directly explain you about braking jet. Hope you will understand. When the wheel is not working, it needs to be stopped and for this purpose braking jet is used. Normally this situation arises if the nozzle inlet remains closed with the help of spear and when the water jet is stopped on the buckets. However, due to inertia, it must be noted that, even after complete closure of the inlet nozzle, the runner will not stop revolving.

Casing does not perform hydraulic activities instead it covers the arrangement of runner & buckets, inlet and braking jets. Casing also prevents the splashing of water and enables the water to discharge to the tail race.

Please explain the working as well.

The working of the pelton turbine is as follows: In the first step, the water will be transferred from the high head source through penstock. Next the nozzle arrangement (at the end of penstock) lets the water to accelerate. The water then flows out with high velocity just like a high-speed jet and discharges at an atmospheric pressure. The jet will then hit the splitter of the buckets. These buckets will disperse the jet into 2 halves of a bucket and the wheel will start to revolve. In the last step, the kinetic energy of the jet will be reduced when it hits the bucket and due to the spherical shape of buckets the jet will change its direction and falls into tail race by taking a u-turn.