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How is the ohmic efficiency of dipole antennas calculated?

I am analyzing dipole antennas and need to account for losses due to conductor resistance.
Ohmic efficiency measures the fraction of input power actually radiated as electromagnetic energy.
I want to understand how to calculate or estimate this for different conductor materials and geometries.

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By Anjan Behera Answered 1 year ago

From my experience, ohmic efficiency of a dipole antenna is calculated by comparing radiated power to total input power, accounting for resistive losses in the conductor. I have seen designers compute the conductor resistance based on material conductivity and physical dimensions, then use the formula η=Rrad/(Rrad+Rloss)eta = R_text{rad}/(R_text{rad}+R_text{loss})η=Rrad?/(Rrad?+Rloss?), where RradR_text{rad}Rrad? is the radiation resistance and RlossR_text{loss}Rloss? is the ohmic loss. I would recommend including skin effect at higher frequencies, as it increases effective resistance. In practice, good conductor selection, plating, and geometry optimization can maximize radiation efficiency while minimizing losses in dipole designs.

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