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What are the key design equations for elliptical microstrip patch antennas?

I am exploring non-rectangular patches, specifically elliptical shapes, for compact and circularly polarized designs.
I want to know the core formulas for determining major/minor axes, resonant frequency, and input impedance.
I also need guidance on how these equations differ from rectangular patch approximations.

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By Stephen Answered 1 year ago

From my experience, elliptical patch antennas are designed by calculating the major (a) and minor (b) axes to satisfy the desired resonant frequency using the effective dielectric constant. I have seen designers use equations similar to rectangular patches but replacing width/length with elliptical radii and accounting for fringing effects along the perimeter. Input impedance can be estimated using the feed position along the major axis, which allows tuning for a good match. I would recommend validating these calculations with EM simulation, as curvature and elliptical asymmetry affect resonance and polarization more than in rectangular patches.

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