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Hello  Well, you’ve already identified some variables and now you must need to narrow these down. Note that, these variables should now cover each possible factor to a certain extent where you are able to define it and establish the relationship. So, here I consider the nature of learner as a variable then you have to identify the factors that determine the nature of either a good/bad learner. A good learner would acquire best things once he adapts with some learning styles like who is engaged in some practices, and also take responsibility for doing things out of the box. And think of vice-versa for the respective factors that you next feed on to. This is how you may form relations. Hope it favors your model.

Hello  To develop a conceptual framework, you need to break down your variables as suggested by others. Then, find out the factors affecting them & for identifying, you need to do a vigorous review of existing literatur

Looking at the variables that you choose, these are too broad. But as an e.g. the variables for the vocational training can be teachers practical knowledge, education and training, etc. once you find out the variables, then try building a framework, which in a way connects between the selected variables. Good luck, mate